FOREWORD

The Trustees of The Metropolitan Museum of Art take pleasure in presenting American Sculpture 1951. This is the second of three - large competitive exhibitions planned in accordance with the policy announced by the Museum in January 1949 of increasing its activity in the contemporary American field.

The first of these exhibitions, American Painting Today, 1950, was held last year. The response by artists throughout the United States was most gratifying. Of 6,248 artists who submitted to our juries, 307 from 34 states, Hawaii, and the District of Columbia were finally exhibited. Through this exhibition artists, critics, and public were enabled to evaluate fully all trends now existing in our country. The striking growth and development of American painting in recent years was fully apparent; its vitality, authority, and great diversity of style were at once perceived. It was noted that our painting had lost much of its regional and national flavor, that it had become susceptible to wide and universal influences, that it had . become highly subjective and seemed little concerned with the forthright presentation of objective reality. The response of the sculptors to the present competitive exhibition has also been most generous. Almost 1,100 sculptors, from every region of the country, submitted some 5,000 photographs of one or more of their works to our jury. For the members of the jury these photographs constituted a unique and most informative review; it is to be regretted that their experience could not have been shared by others interested. Once again the remarkable eclecticism of our time became apparent; styles present, historic, and prehistoric passed before us, styles pure at times, at times fused together. In this profusion, examples of our academic tradition took their place as a small though important tributary to the main and universal stream. This mingling of cultures, which is reported in the con temporary artistic expression of many countries, is certainly a phenomenon of our time. And, indicating as it does an increasing respect for the aspirations and traditions of others, it is perhaps both important and prophetic.

Though trends in painting and sculpture have always been closely allied, it was observed that our sculptors have been less willing than our painters to abandon realism, to relinquish natural form. The human figure, which has been somewhat neglected on canvas of late, appeared again and again before the jury. To be sure it was somewhat buffeted by the abstract forces abroad-compressed, elongated, geometrized. It remained, however, paramount and recognizable. Though it is natural that men who work in three dimensions should cling to objective reality while those who work in two dimensions are forsaking it, we have a small but vital group of sculptors who are experimenting with non-objective shapes. And as this trend is so evidently the delight of youth and the despair of age it may be expected to increase.

From the many works offered the jury finally selected 94. With the representation of the jurors a total of 101 pieces are at present on display. Certainly the large mass of material that came before the jury constituted a cross section of the sculptural activity of the country today. From it the jury carefully selected what appeared to them to be the best examples, and with admirable impartialty attempted to balance clearly perceived trends through adequate representation. Thus it is hoped that the present exhibition can complement the painting exhibition which preceded it and will enable observers to assess even more accurately the artistic state of the union.

The Museum proposes to .hold in 1952 a national competive exhibition for drawings, water colors, and prints, comparable to the exhibitions of paintings and sculpture. The terms of this competition, together with the amounts in prizes, will be announced in the near future. Thus in a cycle of three years American artists will have had an opportunity to enter competition, and new talent will have been brought to the attention of the public. At the completion of this course the program will be reassessed to determine whether or not these exhibitions should become a regulular and revolving activity.

In connection with the exhibition program the Museum will increase its acquisition of works by contemporary American sculptors for its permanent collections. Because specific funds for the purchase of contemporary American sculpture were lacking, the Trustees in 1950 authorized the Purchasing Committee to allocate out of unrestricted purchase funds a sum of $100,000 to be used for the acquisition of such sculpture over a five-year period at the discretion of the Committee on American Art. It is felt that the collection of contemporary American sculpture should be brought into balance with the collection of American painting, which for many years has had the specific support of the Hearn Funds for its improvement.

On behalf of the Trustees of the Metropolitan Museum I should like to thank the many sculptors who have co-operated with us towards the success of the present exhibition. I should like to thank W. H. Noble, Jr., of the Fairmount Park Art Association and Henri Marceau of the Philadelphia Museum of Art for their assistance and advice at its inception. I am most grateful to Roland McKinney, Consultant to the Department of American Art at the Metropolitan Museum, who has directed the many vital and difficult arrangements for the exhibition and has undertaken its installation. The members of the Jury of Admission served for long hours with fortitude and devotion. On behalf of the Museum I should like to express my appreciation to them. And I should like to thank the Jury of Awards, who faced a task perhaps less formidable but most exacting.

ROBERT BEVERLY HALE

Associate Curator of American Art

JURY OF ADMISSION

Robert Beverly Hale, New York

Donal Hord, California

Cecil Howard, New York

Robert Laurent, Indiana

Hugo Robus, New York

David Smith, New York

William Zorach, Netv York

JURY OF AWARDS

Jose de Creeft, New York

Jacques Lipchitz, New York

Henri Marceau, Pennsylvania

LIST OF EXHIBITORS

Abate, Peter. Massachusetts Life

Marble. H. 46 inches. $7,000

Amino, Leo. New York

Triumphant Warriors. PL. 49

Mahogany. H. 46 inches. $275

Archipenko, Alexander. New York Figure

Iron. H. 14 feet. Not for sale

Beling, Helen. New York

1 Know That 1 Shall Meet My Fate Terracotta. H. 16~ inches. $275

Bennett, Douglas. Washington Mystical Body

Mahogany. H. 24 inches. $1,000

Blum, Helaine D. New York Triangle. PL. 18

Bronze. H. 39 inches. $2,500

Caesar, Doris. New York Three Women

Bronze. H. 20 inches. $800

Calder, Alexander. Connecticut Red Robe

Sheet brass, sheet aluminum, steel wire H. 48 inches. $3,500

Caparn, Rhys. New York

Animal Form 1. PL. 12

Hydrocal. H. 19 inches. $300

Cavallito, Albino. New York Head

Stone. H. 13 inches. Not for sale

Cecere, Gaetano. Virginia Night

Cast stone. H. 17 inches. $1,000

Dalton, Peter. New York Susanna

Cast stone. H. 29 inches. $1,000

de Creeft, Jose. New York Les Adieux. PL. 9

Beaten lead. H. 8 feet. $10,000

de Marco, Jean. New York Two Friends

Terracotta. H. 20% inches. $800

Derderian, Ara. New York

A Young Woman. PL. 27 Concrete. H. 37 inches. $325

de Rivera, Jose. New York

Construction. PL. 45

Copper. H. 18 inches. $1,500

Derujinsky, Gleb W. New York Leda and the Swan

Limestone. H. 14 inches. $2,000

DubIe, Lu. New York

Dark Mother. PL. 34

Plaster. H. 40 inches. $700

Eaves, Winslow Bryan. Pennsylvania Kneeling Figure. PL. 31

Marble. H. 19 inches. $600

Edelman, Merle James. Ohio

G,esture. PL. 25

Hydrocal. H. 37 inches. $300

Fields, Mitchell. New York Bather

Plaster. H. 6 feet. Price on request

Garrett, Zena. New York Portrait of an Artist

Terracotta. H. 12 inches. $500

Geissbuhler, Arnold. Massachusetts Figure

Plaster. H. 48 inches. Price on request

Gordin, Sidney. New York Promenade

Steel. H. 7 feet 6 inches. $1,000

Greenbaum, Dorothea. New York Windy Day

Stone. H. 16 inches. $700

Greenberg, Joseph J., Jr. Pennsylvania Eve. PL. 29

Bronze. H. 57 inches. $2,000

Grippe, Peter. New York Figure. PL. 48

Bronze. H. 20~ inches. $2,000

Gross, Chaim. New York Love My Child

Wood. H. 54 inches. $3,300

Gussow, Roy. North Carolina Peristaltic Vertical. PL. 44 Steel. H. 6 feet 6 inches. $350

Guteman, Ernest. New York Construction

Brass. H. 58 inches. $2,000

Hamar, Irene. New York Flight

Limestone. H. 58 inches. $4,000

Hancock, Walker. Massachusetts Suddenly a Light

Plaster. H. 60 inches. In bronze $10,000

Harkavy, Minna. New York Two Men

Cast stone. H. 32 inches. $1,600

Hebald, Milton. New York

The Storm. PI.. 17

Walnut. H. 45 inches. $1,200

Herz, Nora. New York

Young Bison. PL. 2

Marble. H. 9 inches. $500

Hnatt, Michael. Indiana

Happy Rooster. PL. 4.3

Plastic lead. H. 36 inches. $225

Hord, Donal. California Thunder. PL. 23

Jade. H. 20 inches. Price on request

Horn, Milton. Illinois Job. PL. 19

Plaster. H. 60 inches. In bronze $3,500

Hovannes, John. New York Song of the Shirt

Mahogany. H. 63 inches. $2,000

Howard, Cecil. New York The Sacrifice. PL. 11

Plaster. H. 6 feet 6 inches. $10,000

Howard, Robert B. California

Scavenger. PL. 41

Wood and metal. H. 10 feet 4 inches. $2,000

Hurst, Ralph N. Indiana Beach Woman

Granite. H. 14 inches. $300

Innocenti, Bruno. Connecticut

Liliana with the Tambourine. PL. 4 Bronze. H. 40 incbres. $3,500

Kaish, Luise Meyers. New York Mother and Child. PL. 16

Bluestone. H. 20 inches. $300

Kaz, Nathaniel. New York Saint Christopher

Bronze. H. 31 inches. $2,000

Kirchmer, Paul. Ohio

Christ before Pilate. PL. 6

Bronze. H. 32~ inches. $1,000

Knoop, Guitou. New York Torso. PL. 26

Limestone. H. 39% inches. $4,000

Koepnick, Robert C. Ohio The Prophet

Granite. H. 19~ inches. $500

Kohn, Gabriel. California Sibyl

Bronze. H. 26 inches. $3,500

Kraus, Romuald. Kentucky Aspiration

Marble. H. 28 inches. $2,000

Kreis, Henry. Connecticut Descent from Calvary

Terracotta. H. 52 inches. $2,000

Laurent, Robert. Indiana Lot's Wife. PL. 39

Bronze. H. 67~ inches. $7,500

Lawson, Oarence. Illinois

Rachmaninoff No.2. PL. 22

Bronze. H. 23!c4 inches. $2,200

Lazarevich, Emil. California Woman with Lyre

Cast stone. H. 30 inches. $750

Lias, Tom. Indiana

Mother and Child

Marble. H. 20 inches. $800

Maldarelli, Oronzio. New York Triad. PL. 20

Mahogany. H. 6 feet 6 inches. $6,000

Manship, Paul. New York Buddies

Plaster. H. 7 feet 6 inches. Price on request

Margoulies, Berta. New York Displaced

Bronze. H. 22 inches. $750

Marguerite. New York

Portrait of Hugh Stix. PL. 10 Bronze. H. 18 inches. $500

Meller, Alexander. California The Tango. PL. 47

Steel. H. 28~ inches. $1,500

Midener, Walter. Michigan Sisters. PL. 32

Mahogany. H. 39 inches. $1,800

Miller, Richard J. Ohio Bull. PL. 7

Stone. H. 12 inches. $500

Moir, Robert. New York

Mother and Child. PL. 36

Limestone. H. 23 inches. $650

Morris, Hilda. Oregon Kneeling Figure

Bronze. H. 21 inches. $500

Morrison, Mark. New York Frog

Diorite. H. 6 inches. $900

Nickford, Juan. New York Aggression

Steel. H. 16~ inches. $400

Pattison, Abbott. Illinois Striding Man

Bronze. H. 7 feet 7~ inches. $3,500

Pineda, Marianna. Minnesota Sleepwalker. PL. 33 , Bronze. H. 39 inches. $1,500

Poor, Henry V. New York

Mask of Mitchell Siporin. PL. 5 Bronze. H. 9 inches. $400

Rhoden, John W. New York The Dancer

Bronze. H. 48 inches. $2,000

Rickey, Geor~e. Indiana

Square and Catenary

Wire and plastic. w. 30 inches. $125

Robus, Hugo. New York Two in Pattern. PL. 3

Bronze. H. 45 inches. $2,000

Rockwell, Frederick. Maine The Citadel

Granite. H. 23 inches. Price on request

Rohr, Esther. California Head. PL. 35

Marble. H. 11 inches. $500

Rosenthal, Bernard. California The Three Musicians. PL. 46 Bronze. H. 38 inches. $1,500

Rosin, Harry. Pennsylvania Mother and Child

Bronze. H. 48 inches. $2,000

Roszak, Theodore J. New York

Recollection of the Southwest. PL. 42 Copper and steel. H. 32 inches. $4,500

Rox, Henry. Massachusetts Arise! PL. 13

Teracotta. H. 44 inches. $1,100

Rubins, David K. Indiana Little Man

Plaster. H. 21 inches. $500

Rudy, Charles. Pennsylvania The Letter. PL. 24

Bronze. H. 20 inches. $1,500

Sardeau, Helene. New York

Icarus. PL. 21

Plaster. H. 6 feet 5 inches. Price on request

Scaravaglione, Concetta. New York Icarus

Bronze. H. 8 feet 11 inches. $.5,000

Schreckengost, Viktor. Ohio Samoa

Ceramic. H. 19 inches. $350

Shore, Lillian. New York Love

Limestone. H. 28 inches. $1,500

Smith, David. New York

Flight. Illustrated on the title page

Steel and bronze. H. 33~ inches. $1,800

Stea, Cesare. New York

Head of a Woman. PL. 8

Plaster. H. 20 inches. In marble $5,000

Swallow, W. W. Pennsylvania Earth.Bound

Terracotta. H. 29 inches. $750

Titus, Marian Brackett. Michigan Devotion. PL. 28

Bluestone. H. 23~ inches. $800

Umlauf, Charles. Texas Mother arJ4 Child

Bronze. H. 61 inches. $3,00Q

Urich, Jeanne. New York

Father and Son. PL. 14

Marble. H. 26 inches. $500

Vagis, Polygnotos. New York The Moon

Cast stone. H. 16 inches. $2,000

V elikovsky, Elis. New York Caryatid.

Limestone. H. 14~ inches. Price on request

Wasey, Jane. New York

Cocks. PL. 37

Granite. H. 38 inches. $2,000

Wein, Albert W. New York

Europa and the Bull. PL. 30 Bronze. H. 13 inches. $1,200

Weiner, Egon. Illinois Moses

Terracotta. H. 41 inches. $500

Weinman, Adolph A. New York Riders of the Dawn

Bronze. H. 38 inches. $3,500

Weschler, Anita. New York Victory Ball. PL. 38

Cast ~tone. H. 24 inches. $1,200

Wingate, Arline. New York

Figure on a Three-Legged Stool Bronze. H. 11 inches. $450

Winkel, Nina. New York Hodegetria. PL. 40

Plastic stone. H. 22~ inches. $300

Winter, Clark. Missouri Ocean Wave

Cast stone. H. 6 inches. $500

Zorach, William. New York New Horizon. PL. 15

Bronze. H. 43~ inches. $10,000